Furnace-arch construction



July 1, 1930. H. H. WONNING 1,769,894

FURNACE ARCH CONSTRUCTION Filed June 18. 1926 2 Sheets-Sheet l l -sifi42 351;; j Swot 1401;;

July 1, 1930. H. H. WONNING FURNACE ARCH CONSTRUCTION Filed June 18.1926 2 Sheet-Sheet 2 Patented July 1, 1930 entree stares HARVEY H.WONNING, OF NEXV YORK, N.

CORPORATION, OF NEW YORK, N.

FURNACE 453G Application filed June 18,

The present invention relates to the linings of a shaft type furnace orgas generator.

A type of shaft furnace or gas generator is lrnown having verticalco-axial zones of different diameters one above the other, the zones oflarger diameter being below those of smaller diameter or section,adjacent zones being connected by arches commonly made as fiat aspossible. In the operation of gas generators of the type just mentioned,a great deal of difliculty has been caused by the rapid deterioration ofthe materials at the corners of the flat arches and the lower face ofthe upper cylindrical sections of smaller diameter or horizontalcross-section.

One of the objects of the present invention is to avoid the difficultiesand expenses flowing from the rapid deterioration of the lining adjacenta flat arch.

A second object of the present invention is to provide an arrangementwhereby key blocks at the intersections of flat arches and cylindricalzone walls of gas generator or furnaces may be removed through theexterior of the structure and without taking down the cylindrical wallsor the fiat arches.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an arrangementwhereby keying means at the intersections of flat arches and verticalzone walls may be made in sections and removable for replacement withoutstopping the gas generator or furnace.

Further objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparentto those skilled in the art from the following description taken inconnection with the accompanying drawing in which a Fig. l is a centralvertical section through a shaft furnace or gas generator havingsections of differentdiameters one above the other, and illustrating anarch construction embodying the preferred form of the invention.

Fig. 2 is a detail in plan of a portion of a furnace or generator andshowing several adjacent water cooled metal key blocks embodying thepresent invention as arranged in position for use, the brick-work beingre moved for purposes of illustration. Fig. 3 is a detail elevation of amt lk y PATENT OFFECE Y., ASSIGNOR TO COMBUSTION UTILITIES Y., ACORPORATION OF MAINE CONSTRUCTION 1926. Serial No. 118,790.

block construction of Fig. 1 looking outward from inside the generator;and

Fig. 4 is a central vertical section through the flat arch constructionillustrated in Fig. 3.

In the drawing, 10 indicates as a whole a gas generator of the shafttype having a lower section or heat zone 12 of relatively large diameteror horizontal cross-section and an upper section or carbonizing zone l lof relatively small diameter or cross-section. The zones 12 and 14 aresurrounded by outer masonry walls or shells 16 and 18 respectively whichmay be of cylindrical form as illustrated, but the construction of whichin general forms no part of the present invention. Asillustrated,moreover, the generator 10 is provided at the upper end of the zone 14:with a hollow inlet cone 2() for feeding the coal or other fuel into thegenerator, the lower end of the cone 20 being controlled by a valve 22or the like so as to cut off or admit to the generator 10 coal or otherfuel coming down through the hollow cone. A hollow hood 24 is mounted atthe upper end of the zone 14 which is provided with an outlet pipe 26through which gas may be taken off. Within the hood 24, moreover, issuspended a smaller auxiliary gas discharging hood 28 reaching downwithin the body to the zone let and having gas discharging pipes 30,connected thereinto near its upper end.

At the lower end of zone 12 is a hollow discharging cone 34 throughwhich ashes or coke may pass downwardly out of the apparatus. At theupper end of the cone 34: ad ja-cent its connection with the section 16are placed power operated rams or pushers 36, 36, operated by cylinders38, as well as a rotating agitation cone located near the centralvertical axis of the apparatus for maintaining coke or similar materialin a somewhat loosened condition whereby the operation of the pushers36, 36, in urging the coke or other substances into the discharge cone84 is facilitated. The above described relates only to a typicalstructure in which the present invention may be embodied.v

The junction between the upper end of wall 16 and the lower end ofwall'lS is formed largely by a flat arch e2 which exscribed having flatarches contacting directly with the lower ends of the walls ofsuperimposed smaller zones of the generator, it has been found thatdeterioration of the refractory at the angle formed between an arch andthe wall immediately above it has been rapid and that the expense ofmaintaining such structures has been very high. Moreover, the time takenout of the operation of. the enerator for repairs on account of the tronhe just mentioned has been relatively high.

According to the present invention there are placed between the flatarch 42 and the upper. wall 18, a course or series of hollow watercooled metal key blocks 44, 44. The bricks or'blocks 46, 46, forming theinner course of the flatarch 42, Fig. 4, are bevelled so that when inplace their upper faces form a conical surface 48 inclined to thehorizontal preferably at an angle of about 45 while the lower sides ofblocks 44 contact with bricks 46 along the surface 48. The blocks 44 arehollow, opening to the atmosphere when in place through mouths 50 havingedges lying in vertical planes. The upper surface or side 52 of blocks44 lies parallel to the surface 48, the wall being mounted in thefurnace lining at substantially 45 to the horizontal. When the blocks 44are in place they extend downwardly and inwardly mm the outside. ofshell 18 to a point not far removed from the inner surface of the wall18 at its lower end. block 44 connects with a vertical wall 54 the lowerend of which is approximately on the same level with the lower edge ofthe bricks 56 forming the lower course of the wall 18. Each of theblocks 44 has a hollow half round projection or bulb 58, which connectswith the lower edges of the wall 54. Each of the hollow key blocks 44 isprovided with two outwardly projecting fins 60 and 62 respectively. Fins60 are fixed to bulbs 58 in a substantially vertical position and arearranged to enter recesses formed in bricks 56 in the lerwer course ofthe wall 18. Similarly the fins 62 project outwardly from the surface ofthe wall 52 and into complementary recesses in the bricks 64 forming thenext to the lowed; course of 'the wall 18. The fins 62 project at rightangles to the walls on which they are-fixed lying at an angle of about30 to the horizontal They prevent any tendency of bricks 64 to moveinwardly into the interinr of the furnace or generator 10 and alsoresist the tendency of the bricks 64 to slide downwardly along theinclined outer faces of lVall 52 of each the walls 52. It will be seenmoreover that the lower ed es of bricks 64 and the upper edges of brie s56 are rabbeted together as indicated at 66, the inner edge of thebricks 64 coming below the outer edge of the bricks 56 along the line 66whereby bricks 64 hold the upper ends of bricks 56 in position on theinner face of the blocks 44 along the walls 54.

The enerator or shell 10 is surrounded by a steel frame-work 70 onepurpose of which is to support a charging platform from which fuel maybe introduced into the cone 20. However, according to the resentinvention, the frame-work 70, Fig. 1, 1s employed to assist in thesupport of the blocks 44 and certain courses of the arch 42 therebyassisting in the support of the section 18. The framework 70 moreovercomprises means resisting lateral displacement of certain of the bricksin the section 18 thereby further assisting the masonry of the generator10 to retain its position when in use. The connections between thegenerator 10 and the frame-work 70 just referred to includes brackets 72, to which are secured the outer and upper ends of inwardly anddownwardly inclined steel beams or struts 74, 74 the lower and innerends of which are secured to a circular metal band 76, Figs. 3 and 4,surrounding the lower portion of shell 18 adjacent the upper and outerends of the blocks 44. The lower edge of band 76 has fixed theretoseveral short angle plates 7 8, 78, the horizontal flanges of whichproject inwardly from the band 76. Connected to and running downwardlyfrom the horizontal flanges of the plates 78 are books 80, 80, the lowerends of which hook into the vertical webs of inverted T-shaped metalblocks 82, 82, inserted in complementary recesses in the bricks 46. Thebricks 46 are, therefore, suspended during the course of the erection ofthe shell of the generator or shaft furnace 10 and also are assisted tomaintain their positions during the use of the generator by connectionto the steel frame-work 70. It will be seen that the hooks 80 justreferred to pass downwardly from the angle irons or plates 78 betweenthe blocks 44. In order to permit this arrangement, the blocks 44 aremade rectangular in plan instead of wedge shaped, blocks 44 contactingonly near their inner and lower ends, as illustrated in Fig. 2.

As appears further from Figs. 2 and 4, angle plates 84 are fixed to theouter face of band 76, the horizontal flanges of angle plates 84 lyingbetween the upper ends of the blocks 44 and the band 76 and bearing aainst the outside of the blocks to assist in hol ing them in place.Preferably the outer flange of the angle 84 is welded to the n per edgeof the wall 52 of the blocks 44. The lower edge of the band 76,moreover, is tired close to the blocks 44 while intermediate the blocks44 hand 76 has riveted thereto Ushaped 86, Fig. 2wedging the outerendsof blocks l4 firmly in place. Furthermore, running downwardly from theband 76 are straps 88, the lower ends of which are fixed to and sup portpieces having upwardly and outward-- ly inclined portions 92 contactingwith the lower surfaces of the blocks ea and assisting in holding themin place during erection as well as during use of the apparatus.Preferably the portions 92 and the lower edges of blocks a l are weldedtogether.

It is desired also, according to the present invention, to partiallysupport other courses of the flat arch 4:2 in addition to the innercourse of this arch. For this purpose, the pieces 90 previously referredto may have attached thereto angle plates 94, the horizontal webs orflanges of which extend beneath and assist to support the ends of metalfingers 95 secured to the brick or bricks in one or more of the coursesof the arch 42 outside of the bricks 46. The band 7 6 also has securedto its inner face bulb angle plates 96, plates 96 having horizontalflanges extending inwardly and assisting in supporting the wall 1thereto a frame-work 100 extending outwardi the blocks falls directlyinto trough 102.

ly above the arch 42 and resting on the upper edge of shell 16 orconnected to the frame 7 O or both. v

When the apparatus herein described is in operation, the blocks 14 aremaintained substantially full of water and are foundto be durable underthe conditions of high temperature existing in the furnace adjacent thefiat arch. Steam formed from water within blocks 44 readily escapes fromthe open mouths 50of these blocks. Water to replenish that evaporatedfrom the blocks 44: is supplied through pipes, one of which isillustrated at 99 (Fig. t). His preferred to supply suhicient watertoblocks 44: through pipes 99 not only to off-set thatlost byevaporation, but to cause an overfiow from the mouths" of the blocks.Water overflowing from blocks 4a is caught in a trough 102 extendingaround the generator or furnace and conducted away. In order that thetrough 102 may conduct away the overflow water, it is set beneath themouths of blocks 4.4. so that water overflowing from the mouth of Asplash plate 10a is provided running along the'outer edge of trough 100and extending suiiicient to prevent water falling into the trough fromsplashing out. No special means need be provided for maintaining acirculation within the blocks 44, their shape and position being suchthat when in use the convection currents provide all the circulationnecessary. Preferably, blocks as are made of cast iron.

It will be apparent from the foregoing to those skilled in the art thatwater cooled key blocks made and arranged according to the presentinvention not only are durable under the conditions imposed upon them inuse, but reduce the temperature and so prolong the life of the adjacentbrick-work. Moreover, the watencooled blocks as may be removedindividually while the generator is in operation and a new block orblocks substituted without shutting down the generator.

While a given embodiment of the present invention has been illustratedand described herein in detail it will be understood that the presentinvention is not limited to the details of the foregoing description orto those illustrated in the drawing, it being the intention to obtainprotection for the invention disclosed herein as broadly as the state ofthe prior art will permit.

In particular, it will be understood that the arch constructiondisclosed herein, while described in connection with a gas generator maybe used with any shaft type furnace or combustion chamber.

Having thus described my invention 1 claim:

1. Acombustion chamber having walls defining adjacent zones of differentcross sectional areas and arranged one above the other,

a substantially flat brickwork arch extending inwardly from the upperend of the wall defining the lower of said zones and a plurality ofwater cooled metal key blocks interposed side by side joining the loweredge of the wall defining the upper of said zones and the inner edge ofsaid arch.

2. A combustion chamber having walls defining adjacent zones ofdiffering cross-sectional areas and arranged one above the other,asubstantially flat b1iCl-WO1' arch extending inwardly from the upperend of the wall defining the lower of said zones and a plurality ofwater cooled metal key blocks interposed side by side 'oining the loweredge of the wall defining the upper of said zones and the inner edge ofsaid arch, each of said vwater cooled blocks having one side opening tothe atmosphere on the outside of the generator.

3. A combustion chamber having walls defining adjacent sections ofdiffering crosssectional areas and arranged one above the other, asubstantially flat brick-work arch extending inwardly on the upper endof the wall defining the lower of said sections and Water cooled metalkey blocks interposed between the lower edge of the wall defining theupper of said sections and the inner edge of said arch, said-blocksbeing structurally in- V blocks having means whereby an individual keyblock may be removed from the genorator while the remainder of saidblocks are in place in the generator.

4. A combustion chamber having walls defining adjacent sections ofdiffering crosssectional areas and arranged one above the other, asubstantially fiat brick-work arch extending inwardly from the upper endof the wall defining the lower of said sections, and water-cooled metalkey blocks interposed between the lower edge of the wall defining theupper of said sections and the inner edge of said arch, said blockshaving means whereby refractory bricks may be secured thereto. 5. Acombustion chamber having walls de fining adjacent sections of differingcrosssectional areas and arranged one above the other, a substantiallyflat brick-work arch extending inwardly from the upper end of the walldefining the lower of said sections, and hollow water cooled blocksinterposed between the lower edge of the wall defining the upper of saidsections and the inner edge of said arch, said blocks transmitting thedownward thrust of the upper sections to the inner edge of said arch.

6. A combustion chamber having walls defining adjacent sections ofdiffering crosssectional areas and arranged one above the other, asubstantially flat brick-work arch extending inwardly from the upper endof the wall defining the lower of said sections and water cooled metalkey blocks interposed between the lower edgeof the wall defining theupper of said sections and the inner edge of said arch, said blockshaving inner ends exposed to gases within the generator.

7. A combustion chamber having walls defining the adjacent sections ofdiffering cross-sectional areas and arranged one above the other, asubstantially flat brick-work arch extending inwardly from the upper endof the wall defining the lower of said zones and WatQPCOOlGd metal keyblocks interd between the lower edge of the wall de- 'ng the upper ofsaid sections and the innor edge of said arch, said key blocks beinginclined to the horizontal and having horizontal bulbs at their lowerand inner ends sup rting in part the walls of the upper of so! sections.

8 Aoombustion chamber having walls defining adjacent zones of differingcross-sectional areas and arranged one above the other, a substantiallyflat arch extending inwardly from the upper end of the walls definingthe lower of said zones, the walls of said zones including brick-work,watercooled key blocks joining the lower edge of the wall defining theupper of said zones and the inner edge of said arch, and means wherebysaid key blocks are interlocked with bricks in one of the courses in thewall of the upper of said zones.

9. A combustion chamber having walls defining adjacent zones ofdiffering cross-sectional areas and arranged one above the other, asubstantially fiat brick-work arch extending inwardly from the upper endof the wall defining the lower of said zones, the walls of said zonesincluding brick-work, water-cooled metal key blocks intertposed betweenthe lower edge of the wall dc ning the upper of said zones and the inneredge of said arch, said key blocks being inclined to the horizontal andhaving projecting bulbs at their inner and lower ends, the lower courseof brick in the wall of the upper of said zones resting on said bulbsand the second course of brick in the upper zone wall resting partly onsaid lower course and partly on said key blocks, the bricks of saidlower and said second courses being rabbetcd together, and means wherebythe bricks in said two courses are interlocked with said key blocks.

10. A combustion chamber having walls defining adjacent zones ofdiffering crosssectional areas and arranged one above the other, asubstantially fiat arch extending inwardly from the upper end of thewall defining the lower of said zones, removable key blocks interposedbetween the lower edge of the wall defining the upper of said zones andthe inner edge of said arch, a steel framework surrounding the chamberand reinforcing the walls in said upper zone, and supporting meansconnecting the brick at the inner edge of said flat arch and in contactwith said key blocks to said frame-work.

11. A combustion chamber having walls defining adjacent zones arrangedone above the other, said zones being of circular cross section but ofdifferent cross sectional areas, a substantially annular flat brick-workarch extending inwardly from the upper end of the wall defining thelower of said zones, and a plurality of independently removablewater-cooled metal key blocks interposed'side by side between the loweredge of the wall defining the upper of said zones and the inner edge ofsaid arch.

12. A combustion chamber having walls defining adjacent zones ofdiffering crosssectional areas and arranged one above the other, asubstantially fiat arch extending inwardly from the upper end of thewall defining the lower of said zones, the walls of said zones includingbrick-work, and a water cooled key blocks interposed between the loweredge of the wall defining the upper of said zones and the inner edge ofsaid arch, said key blocks having projecting fins thereon, and thebricks at the lower end of the upper of said. sections having recessesin which said fins are seated whereby said key blocks are interlockedwith the bricks in the Wall of the upper of said zones.

13. A metal key block for fiat arches having a water chamber and twoparallel sides, a side substantially at 4l5 to one of said parallelsides and connected thereto, and a nose piece connecting said lastmentioned side and the other of said parallel sides.

14:. A key block as set forth in claim 13 and in which the nose pieceextends substantially at right angles to the side last mentioned inclaim 13.

15. A key block as set forth in claim 13 and in which the upper of theparallel sides i has a rib extending outwardly therefrom.

16. A key block as set forth in claim 13 and in which a nose piece has arib extending upwardly therefrom.

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature.

HARVEY I-I. WONNING.

